Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)
The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) raises and lowers the replicas of a Kubernetes Deployment to keep a metric, usually CPU utilization of the requests, near a target. It needs metrics-server and CPU requests on the pods.
Key concepts #
- Formula:
ceil(current replicas × current metric / target). - Behavior: stabilization windows and scaling policies.
- Related: VPA (pod size), Cluster Autoscaler and Karpenter (nodes), KEDA (events).
- Metrics: resource, pods, object and external.
Learn it #
Follow Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.